Canvas 2d: Breakout

Breakout

Gra kwiecień 2018

W trakcie tej lekcji nauczysz się: Modyfikować element canvas i jego kod JavaScript. Publikować grę na stronie internetowej.

URL:: http://canvas-2d.blogspot.com/2018/04/breakout.html
Autor:: Radosław Kowaluk

Copyright © 2018 Obowiązują zasady odpowiedzialności karnej, znaków towarowych i zasad W3C.

Wstęp

Breakout to gra zręcznościowa wydana przez firmę Atari w 1976 roku. Koncepcja została stworzona przez Nolana Bushnella i Steve'a Bristow. Opracowanie projektu obwodu gry otrzymał młody inżynier Atari, Steve Jobs. Jednak to Steve Wozniak, pracujący wtedy w HP, w rzeczywistości zaprojektował płytę Breakout. Dwójka Steve's później założyła firmę komputerową, o której wielu mogło słyszeć...
Od tego czasu powstało wiele jej odmian.

Przykładowy kod gry Breakout

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <style>* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } canvas { background: #eee; display: block; margin: 0 auto; }</style>
</head>
<body>

<canvas id="myCanvas" width="480" height="320"></canvas>

<script>
    var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
    var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
    var ballRadius = 10;
    var x = canvas.width/2;
    var y = canvas.height-30;
    var dx = 2;
    var dy = -2;
    var paddleHeight = 10;
    var paddleWidth = 75;
    var paddleX = (canvas.width-paddleWidth)/2;
    var rightPressed = false;
    var leftPressed = false;
    var brickRowCount = 5;
    var brickColumnCount = 3;
    var brickWidth = 75;
    var brickHeight = 20;
    var brickPadding = 10;
    var brickOffsetTop = 30;
    var brickOffsetLeft = 30;
    var score = 0;
    var lives = 3;
    var bricks = [];
    for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
        bricks[c] = [];
        for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
            bricks[c][r] = { x: 0, y: 0, status: 1 };
        }
    }
    document.addEventListener("keydown", keyDownHandler, false);
    document.addEventListener("keyup", keyUpHandler, false);
    document.addEventListener("mousemove", mouseMoveHandler, false);
    function keyDownHandler(e) {
        if(e.keyCode == 39) {
            rightPressed = true;
        }
        else if(e.keyCode == 37) {
            leftPressed = true;
        }
    }
    function keyUpHandler(e) {
        if(e.keyCode == 39) {
            rightPressed = false;
        }
        else if(e.keyCode == 37) {
            leftPressed = false;
        }
    }
    function mouseMoveHandler(e) {
        var relativeX = e.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft;
        if(relativeX > 0 && relativeX < canvas.width) {
            paddleX = relativeX - paddleWidth/2;
        }
    }
    function collisionDetection() {
        for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
            for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
                var b = bricks[c][r];
                if(b.status == 1) {
                    if(x > b.x && x < b.x+brickWidth && y > b.y && y < b.y+brickHeight) {
                        dy = -dy;
                        b.status = 0;
                        score++;
                        if(score == brickRowCount*brickColumnCount) {
//                            alert("YOU WIN, CONGRATS!");
                            document.location.reload();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    function drawBall() {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(x, y, ballRadius, 0, Math.PI*2);
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fill();
        ctx.closePath();
    }
    function drawPaddle() {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.rect(paddleX, canvas.height-paddleHeight, paddleWidth, paddleHeight);
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fill();
        ctx.closePath();
    }
    function drawBricks() {
        for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
            for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
                if(bricks[c][r].status == 1) {
                    var brickX = (r*(brickWidth+brickPadding))+brickOffsetLeft;
                    var brickY = (c*(brickHeight+brickPadding))+brickOffsetTop;
                    bricks[c][r].x = brickX;
                    bricks[c][r].y = brickY;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.rect(brickX, brickY, brickWidth, brickHeight);
                    ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.closePath();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    function drawScore() {
        ctx.font = "16px Arial";
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fillText("Score: "+score, 8, 20);
    }
    function drawLives() {
        ctx.font = "16px Arial";
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fillText("Lives: "+lives, canvas.width-65, 20);
    }
    function draw() {
        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        drawBricks();
        drawBall();
        drawPaddle();
        drawScore();
        drawLives();
        collisionDetection();
        if(x + dx > canvas.width-ballRadius || x + dx < ballRadius) {
            dx = -dx;
        }
        if(y + dy < ballRadius) {
            dy = -dy;
        }
        else if(y + dy > canvas.height-ballRadius) {
            if(x > paddleX && x < paddleX + paddleWidth) {
                dy = -dy;
            }
            else {
                lives--;
                if(!lives) {
//                    alert("GAME OVER");
                    document.location.reload();
                }
                else {
                    x = canvas.width/2;
                    y = canvas.height-30;
                    dx = 3;
                    dy = -3;
                    paddleX = (canvas.width-paddleWidth)/2;
                }
            }
        }
        if(rightPressed && paddleX < canvas.width-paddleWidth) {
            paddleX += 7;
        }
        else if(leftPressed && paddleX > 0) {
            paddleX -= 7;
        }
        x += dx;
        y += dy;
        requestAnimationFrame(draw);
    }
    draw();
</script>
</body>

Aby uruchomić grę usuń znaki komentarza //.

Źródło: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Tutorials/2D_Breakout_game_pure_JavaScript
Dobrym ćwiczeniem będzie analiza kodu i własna wersja, oczywiście z wykorzystaniem Canvas 2d.

Ćwiczenie

Zapoznaj się z kodem gry.

Zadanie

Zmodyfikuj kod gry Breakout i opublikuj ją na stronie internetowej.

Inspiracja

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Breakout</title>
    <style>canvas, button { background: #eee; display: block; margin: 5px auto; }</style>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="draw()"> Graj </button>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="900" height="476"></canvas>

<script>
    var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
    var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
    var ballRadius = 10;
    var x = canvas.width/2;
    var y = canvas.height-30;
    var dx = 2;
    var dy = -2;
    var paddleHeight = 10;
    var paddleWidth = 75;
    var paddleX = (canvas.width-paddleWidth)/2;
    var rightPressed = false;
    var leftPressed = false;
    var brickRowCount = 10;
    var brickColumnCount = 3;
    var brickWidth = 75;
    var brickHeight = 20;
    var brickPadding = 10;
    var brickOffsetTop = 30;
    var brickOffsetLeft = 30;
    var score = 0;
    var lives = 3;
    var bricks = [];
    for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
        bricks[c] = [];
        for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
            bricks[c][r] = { x: 0, y: 0, status: 1 };
        }
    }
    document.addEventListener("keydown", keyDownHandler, false);
    document.addEventListener("keyup", keyUpHandler, false);
    document.addEventListener("mousemove", mouseMoveHandler, false);
    function keyDownHandler(e) {
        if(e.keyCode == 39) {
            rightPressed = true;
        }
        else if(e.keyCode == 37) {
            leftPressed = true;
        }
    }
    function keyUpHandler(e) {
        if(e.keyCode == 39) {
            rightPressed = false;
        }
        else if(e.keyCode == 37) {
            leftPressed = false;
        }
    }
    function mouseMoveHandler(e) {
        var relativeX = e.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft;
        if(relativeX > 0 && relativeX < canvas.width) {
            paddleX = relativeX - paddleWidth/2;
        }
    }
    function collisionDetection() {
        for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
            for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
                var b = bricks[c][r];
                if(b.status == 1) {
                    if(x > b.x && x < b.x+brickWidth && y > b.y && y < b.y+brickHeight) {
                        dy = -dy;
                        b.status = 0;
                        score++;
                        if(score == brickRowCount*brickColumnCount) {
                            alert("WYGRAŁEŚ, GRATULACJE!");
                            document.location.reload();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    function drawBall() {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(x, y, ballRadius, 0, Math.PI*2);
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fill();
        ctx.closePath();
    }
    function drawPaddle() {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.rect(paddleX, canvas.height-paddleHeight, paddleWidth, paddleHeight);
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fill();
        ctx.closePath();
    }
    function drawBricks() {
        for(c=0; c<brickColumnCount; c++) {
            for(r=0; r<brickRowCount; r++) {
                if(bricks[c][r].status == 1) {
                    var brickX = (r*(brickWidth+brickPadding))+brickOffsetLeft;
                    var brickY = (c*(brickHeight+brickPadding))+brickOffsetTop;
                    bricks[c][r].x = brickX;
                    bricks[c][r].y = brickY;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.rect(brickX, brickY, brickWidth, brickHeight);
                    ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.closePath();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    function drawScore() {
        ctx.font = "16px Arial";
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fillText("Wynik: "+score, 8, 20);
    }
    function drawLives() {
        ctx.font = "16px Arial";
        ctx.fillStyle = "#0095DD";
        ctx.fillText("Życia: "+lives, canvas.width-65, 20);
    }
    function draw() {
        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        ctx.save();
        ctx.textAlign = "center"
        ctx.font = "32px Arial";
        ctx.fillText("canvas-2d.blogspot.com", canvas.width/2, canvas.height/2+20);
        ctx.restore();
        drawBricks();
        drawBall();
        drawPaddle();
        drawScore();
        drawLives();
        collisionDetection();
        if(x + dx > canvas.width-ballRadius || x + dx < ballRadius) {
            dx = -dx;
        }
        if(y + dy < ballRadius) {
            dy = -dy;
        }
        else if(y + dy > canvas.height-ballRadius) {
            if(x > paddleX && x < paddleX + paddleWidth) {
                dy = -dy;
            }
            else {
                lives--;
                if(!lives) {
                    alert("KONIEC GRY");
                    document.location.reload();
                }
                else {
                    x = canvas.width/2;
                    y = canvas.height-30;
                    dx = 3;
                    dy = -3;
                    paddleX = (canvas.width-paddleWidth)/2;
                }
            }
        }
        if(rightPressed && paddleX < canvas.width-paddleWidth) {
            paddleX += 7;
        }
        else if(leftPressed && paddleX > 0) {
            paddleX -= 7;
        }
        x += dx;
        y += dy;
        requestAnimationFrame(draw);
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>